Impact of chronic disease self-management programs on type 2 diabetes management in primary care

Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (n = 196)

	Controls (n = 95)		CDSMP (n = 101)		P-value
	No.	%	No.	%
Age group (yr)					0.32
30-44	15	15.8	12	11.9
45-64	55	57.9	69	68.3
≥ 65	25	26.3	20	19.8
Gender					0.74
Female	53	55.8	54	53.5
Male	42	44.2	47	46.5
Hispanic					0.46
Yes	15	15.8	20	19.8
No	80	84.2	81	80.2
Minority1					0.32
Yes	32	33.7	41	40.6
No	63	66.3	60	59.4
Race/Ethnicity					0.60
African American	17	17.9	21	20.8
Hispanic	15	15.8	20	19.8
Neither Hispanic or African-American	63	66.3	60	59.4
Income					0.40
< $15000	9	10.5	12	13.6
$15000-$24999	16	18.6	11	12.5
$25000-$49999	30	34.9	41	46.6
$50000-$75000	17	19.8	12	13.6
> $75000	14	16.3	12	13.6
Education					0.48
High school graduate or less	25	26.3	26	25.7
Some college/vocation school	36	37.9	46	45.5
College graduate or higher	34	35.8	29	28.7
HbA1c (%), mean ± SD	9.2	1.6	9.4	1.7	0.48
SBP (mm/Hg), mean ± SD	132.9	21.7	131.9	14.1	0.73
DBP (mm/Hg), mean ± SD	75.8	13.6	79.4	9.8	0.05
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	33.9	7.7	33.5	8.0	0.70

¹African American or Hispanic. CDSMP: Chronic Disease Self-Management Program; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index.