Novel and emerging diabetes mellitus drug therapies for the type 2 diabetes patient

Table 1 Emerging classes of medications and approaches[8]

SGLT inhibitors

11β-HSD-1 inhibitors

GKA

AMPK agonists

SIRT activators

PTP-1B inhibitors

GCGR antagonists

GR antagonists

Novel insulin sensitizers

GPR119 agonists

Other drugs augmenting GLP-1 secretion: GPR40, G-protein coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) agonists

Acyl-CoA: DGAT1 inhibitors

FGF-21-receptor agonists

Ranolazine

Other glucometabolic approaches

Other metabolic approaches

Anti-inflammatory approaches

Induction of immune tolerance

Pancreatic beta cell protection and regeneration

Pancreatic islet cell transplantation

Various antidiabetic approaches

SGLT: Sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter; 11beta-HSD-1: 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1; GKA: Glucokinase activators; AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; SIRT: Sirtuin; PTP-1B: Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B; GCGR: Glucagon receptor; GR: Glucocorticoid receptor; GPR119: G-protein coupled receptor 119; GLP-1: Glucagon like peptide-1; Acyl-CoA: Acyl-coenzymeA; DGAT1: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase1; FGF-21: Fibroblast growth factor-21.