Topic Highlight
Copyright ©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2013; 4(6): 270-281
Published online Dec 15, 2013. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.270
Table 4 Treatment option of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents [Federal Drug Administration (United States), European Medicine Evaluation Agency (European)]
ModalityGlycaemiareductionEnhance insulin secretionInsulin resistanceloweringFDA/EMEA approved for childrenNotes
Diet and exerciseYesNoYesYesFirst-line approach
Efficacy depends on successful ife-style change
InsulinYesNoNoYesWeight gain discussed
risk of hypoglycemia
MetforminYesNoYesYesGood safety record
minimal weight loss
SulphonylureasYesYesNoNoGood safety record in adults
risk of hypoglycemia
Meglitinide analoguesYesYesNoNoSparse data on their use
ThiazolidinedionesYes?YesNoWeight gain
lack of long-term data
Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPP4)/ glucagon like peptide (GLP) 1 mimeticsYesNoNoNoModerate weight loss
Carcinoma of the pancreas discussed
Lack of long-term data
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 InhibitorsYesNoNoNoMinimal weight loss
Urinary and genital tract infections
Risk of hypoglycaemia
Sparse data on their use
Lack of long-term data
Acarbose?NoNoNoSide effects may be unacceptable
Orlistat?NoNoNoSide effects may be unacceptable
Surgical treatment of obesityYesNoYesNoSome anecdotal evidence