Trends in prevalence of diabetes in Asian countries

Table 1 Prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in South Asia

Country	Year	Diagnosis method	Criteria	Prevalence (%)			Fold increase (%)
				National	Urban	Rural	National	Urban	Rural
Bangladesh[2,3]	1997	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1985		4.5
	2005	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1999		8.1	2.3		1.8 (8 yr)
China
Mainland[4-6]	1994	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1985	2.5
	2001	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1985	6.1	6.9	5.6	2.4 (7 yr)
	2008	OGTT	WHO 1999	9.4	11.4	8.2	3.8 (13 yr)	1.7 (6 yr)	1.5 (6 yr)
Hong Kong[7,8]	1990	OGTT	WHO 1985	4.5
	1996	FPG/OGTT	ADA 1997/WHO 1998	9.8			2.2 (6 yr)
Taiwan[28,29]	1987	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1985	4.4			2.2 (8 yr)
	1996	OGTT	WHO 1985	9.2
India[9,10]	1989	FPG/WHO	WHO 1985		8.2	2.4		2.3 (16 yr)	3.8 (16 yr)
	2006	OGTT	WHO 1999		18.6	9.2
Indonesia[11,12]	1981	OGTT	WHO 1980		1.6
	1995				5.7			3.5 (13 yr)
South Korea[13]	1997	OGTT	ADA 1997			6.9
	2003	OGTT	ADA 1997			11.7			1.7 (6 yr)
Malaysia[14,15]	1982		NA		2.1
	2006	FPG	WHO 1985		11			5.2 (24 yr)
Nepal[16-18]	1990	FPG	ADA 1997		1.41	0.3
	1999	FPG	ADA 1997		14.6	2.5		6.81 (17 yr)	8.3 (11 yr)
	2007	NA	NA		9.51
Pakistan[19]	2006	OGTT	WHO 1985		10.6	7.7
Philippines[20]	1982	OGTT	≥ 11.0 mmol/L		3.3
	2002	OGTT	WHO 1999		4.9			1.5 (19 yr)
Singapore[21-23]	1985	OGTT	WHO 1985	4.7
	1998	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1985	9
	2004	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1985	8.2			1.9 (19 yr)
Sri Lanka[24,25]	1994	OGTT	WHO 1985		5
	2005	FPG/OGTT	ADA 1997	10.3
Thailand[26,27]	2000	FPG	≥ 7 mmol/L	6.7
	2004	FPG	WHO 1985	9.6			1.4 (4 yr)
Taiwan[28,29]	1987	FPG/OGTT	WHO 1985	4.4			2.2 (8 yr)
	1996	OGTT	WHO 1985	9.2
Vietnam[30,31]	1990	FPG	ADA	1.4
	2001	OGTT	WHO 1985	3.8			2.7 (11 yr)

¹Sub urban area, numbers in brackets show the period in which the increase has occurred. OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; ADA: American Diabetes Association; WHO: World Health Organization; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; NA: Not available.