ApoE isoforms, treatment of diabetes and the risk of coronary heart disease

Table 1 Mean values or prevalence of factors at baseline for apoE2, apoE3 homozygosity and apoE4 among the 269 patients n (%)

	ApoE2	ApoE3 homozygosity	ApoE4
No. of patients (men/women)	18 (14/4)	207 (156/51)	44 (29/15)
Age at enrollment	53.4 ± 5.8	53.8 ± 5.7	54.2 ± 4.8
Observation period (yr)	11.9 ± 5.2	12.6 ± 5.3	12.2 ± 5.4
Smoking status
Never smokers	6	66	17
Past smokers	5	63	11
Smokers	7	78	16
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.4 ± 3.1	22.3 ± 2.6	22.9 ± 3.3
HbA1c (NGSP equivalent value) (%)	8.7 ± 1.5	8.7 ± 1.4	8.6 ± 1.1
Medication for hyperglycemia before enrollment
None	7 (38.9)	80 (38.6)	22 (50.0)
Oral hypoglycemic agents	9 (50.0)	104 (50.2)	19 (43.2)
Insulin	2 (11.1)	23 (11.1)	3 (6.8)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.83 ± 1.00	5.51 ± 1.21	5.45 ± 0.93
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.14 ± 0.22	1.17 ± 0.32	1.12 ± 0.36
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.92 ± 0.89	3.55 ± 1.10	3.52 ± 0.76
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.69 ± 0.97	1.79 ± 1.32	1.94 ± 1.82
Medications for hyperlipidemia	0 (0.0)	1 (0.01)	2 (5.0)
Systolic blood pressure (kPa)	17.3 ± 1.9	17.3 ± 2.5	17.8 ± 2.5
Diastolic blood pressure (kPa)	10.6 ± 1.3	10.5 ± 1.5	10.5 ± 1.5
Medications for hypertension	3 (16.7)	21 (10.1)	8 (18.2)
Proteinuria	4 (22.2)	50 (24.2)	10 (22.7)
Diabetic retinopathy	7 (38.9)	61 (29.6)	11 (25.0)

ApoE: Apolipoprotein E gene; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; NGSP: National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.