Early risk stratification of gestational diabetes using interpretable machine learning with first-trimester screening parameters

doi:10.4239/wjd.123276

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Sep 15, 2026; 17(9): 123276
Published online Sep 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.123276

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variables	GDM (n = 352)	Non-GDM (n = 2404)	P value
Age (years)	34.0 (31.0-37.0)	33.0 (30.0-35.0)	< 0.001^a
Pregestational BMI (kg/m²)	22.9 (20.7-27.1)	21.5 (19.6-23.9)	< 0.001^a
Previous GDM	30 (8.5)	19 (0.8)	< 0.001^a
Previous gestational hypertension	2 (0.6)	11 (0.5)	0.671
Previous preeclampsia	5 (1.4)	17 (0.7)	0.181
Family history of diabetes mellitus	30 (8.5)	182 (7.6)	0.561
Previous macrosomia	6 (1.7)	7 (0.3)	0.004^a
PCOS history	0 (0)	9 (0.4)	0.613
IVF	48 (13.6)	221 (9.2)	0.013^a
Chronic hypertension	11 (3.1)	17 (0.7)	< 0.001^a
Cardiovascular disease	4 (1.1)	1 (< 0.1)	0.001^a

^aP < 0.05.

GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome; IVF: In vitro fertilization.

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Citation: Hung SM, Chen CP, Sun FJ, Chen YY, Wang LK, Chen CY. Early risk stratification of gestational diabetes using interpretable machine learning with first-trimester screening parameters. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(9): 123276
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i9/123276.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.123276

Hung SM, Chen CP, Sun FJ, Chen YY, Wang LK, Chen CY. Early risk stratification of gestational diabetes using interpretable machine learning with first-trimester screening parameters. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(9): 123276 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.123276]

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