Plasma metabolomics reveals progressive alterations across glycemic states

Figure 3 Trajectories of the 18 shared core metabolites across different glycemic states. Line plots illustrate the standardized relative abundance of the 18 core metabolites across four clinical groups: (1) Normal glucose tolerance; (2) Impaired fasting glucose; (3) Impaired glucose tolerance; and (4) Diabetes. Each panel represents one metabolite, and the data were standardized using Z-score transformation. The X-axis indicates the clinical groups, and the Y-axis indicates the standardized metabolite level. Z-score: Standardized score.