Gastrointestinal neuroregulation in diabetic gastroenteropathy: Integrating molecular mechanisms and diagnostic approaches

doi:10.4239/wjd.115749

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Sep 15, 2026; 17(9): 115749
Published online Sep 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.115749

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Figure 1 Mechanisms of cytokine and neuroimmune interactions and gastrointestinal brain axis among sympathetic, vagus, and enteric nerves in diabetic gastrointestinal lesions. VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; Ach: Acetylcholine; NO: Nitric oxide; SCFA: Short chain fatty acids; GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid; IL-6: Interleukin-6; Trpa 1: Transient receptor potential anchor protein 1; nNOS: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase; NE: Norepinephrine.

Citation: Yin RY, Liu ZJ, Yao YQ, Miao RY, Guan HF, Zhang YX, Fang XY, Zhang YJ, Tian JX. Gastrointestinal neuroregulation in diabetic gastroenteropathy: Integrating molecular mechanisms and diagnostic approaches. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(9): 115749
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i9/115749.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.115749

Yin RY, Liu ZJ, Yao YQ, Miao RY, Guan HF, Zhang YX, Fang XY, Zhang YJ, Tian JX. Gastrointestinal neuroregulation in diabetic gastroenteropathy: Integrating molecular mechanisms and diagnostic approaches. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(9): 115749 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.115749]

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