Visceral fat area and red-blood-cell-related indices in adults with type 2 diabetes: Cross-sectional evidence of nonlinear associations

doi:10.4239/wjd.121923

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2026; 17(8): 121923
Published online Aug 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.121923

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to visceral fat area, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Characteristic	VFA < 80 cm² (n = 408)	VFA ≥ 80 cm² (n = 772)	P value
Age (years)	55.00 (48.00-61.00)	54.00 (44.00-62.00)	0.054
Sex (%)			< 0.001
Female	190 (46.57)	248 (32.12)
Male	218 (53.43)	524 (67.88)
Current drinking			< 0.001
No	295 (75.26)	452 (63.04)
Yes	97 (24.74)	265 (36.96)
Current smoking			< 0.001
No	290 (73.98)	459 (63.84)
Yes	102 (26.02)	260 (36.16)
DBP (mmHg)	74.00 (68.00-78.00)	75.00 (71.00-82.00)	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	124.00 (117.00-131.00)	126.00 (120.00-137.00)	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	9.35 (7.50-11.34)	9.34 (7.55-10.89)	0.224
TC (mmol/L)	4.49 (3.94-5.43)	4.71 (3.95-5.49)	0.164
HDLC (mmol/L)	1.16 (0.99-1.39)	1.05 (0.89-1.24)	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.73 (2.07-3.44)	2.68 (2.06-3.42)	0.815
TG (mmol/L)	1.54 (1.04-2.64)	2.23 (1.41-3.67)	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	23.00 (21.50-24.40)	26.50 (24.70-28.90)	< 0.001
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m²)	103.43 (94.85-112.11)	103.61 (92.88-114.17)	0.649
UA (μmol/L)	287.70 (237.40-345.27)	334.35 (281.93-398.55)	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	16.70 (14.00-21.50)	20.80 (16.10-29.85)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	18.80 (13.40-28.90)	27.40 (18.17-46.73)	< 0.001
CRP (mg/L)	1.15 (0.52-2.62)	2.13 (0.93-4.28)	< 0.001
WBC (× 10⁹/L)	5.90 (5.10-7.30)	6.40 (5.40-7.60)	< 0.001
RBC	4.55 (4.23-4.92)	4.75 (4.32-5.14)	< 0.001
HGB	137.00 (126.00-147.00)	142.50 (130.00-153.00)	< 0.001
MCH	30.00 (29.10-30.90)	30.00 (29.10-31.00)	0.575
MCHC	331.00 (325.00-337.00)	332.00 (325.00-340.00)	0.106
PDW	13.40 (11.62-16.08)	13.80 (11.80-16.10)	0.305
MCV	90.40 (87.70-93.00)	90.20 (87.30-93.20)	0.634
HCT	0.42 (0.38-0.44)	0.43 (0.40-0.46)	< 0.001
MPV	11.10 (10.30-12.20)	11.20 (10.30-12.10)	0.626
PLT	187.00 (154.00-223.00)	189.00 (154.00-225.75)	0.892

P values were obtained using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the χ² test for categorical variables. VFA: Visceral fat area; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI: Body mass index; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; UA: Uric acid; CRP: C-reactive protein; RBC: Red blood cell; WBC: White blood cell; HGB: Hemoglobin; MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; MCH: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PDW: Platelet distribution width; MPV: Mean platelet volume; HCT: Hematocrit; PLT: Platelet.

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Citation: Rao ZC, Xu CY, Hua LY, Fang ZR, Zhu CY, Zhang YM. Visceral fat area and red-blood-cell-related indices in adults with type 2 diabetes: Cross-sectional evidence of nonlinear associations. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(8): 121923
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i8/121923.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.121923

Rao ZC, Xu CY, Hua LY, Fang ZR, Zhu CY, Zhang YM. Visceral fat area and red-blood-cell-related indices in adults with type 2 diabetes: Cross-sectional evidence of nonlinear associations. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(8): 121923 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.121923]

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