Risk stratification nomogram for diabetic foot ulcer recurrence after healing in type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	All patients (n = 312)	No recurrence (n = 184)	Recurrence (n = 128)	Test statistic	P value
Age, years	64.3 ± 10.8	63.8 ± 11.2	65.1 ± 10.2	t = 0.98	0.328
Male sex	198 (63.5)	114 (62.0)	84 (65.6)	χ2 = 0.42	0.517
Diabetes duration, years	14.0 (10.0-19.0)	12.0 (9.0-17.0)	16.0 (12.0-21.0)	Z = 4.12	< 0.001
Body mass index, kg/m2	27.8 ± 4.3	27.5 ± 4.1	28.2 ± 4.6	t = 1.35	0.178
Current smoking	87 (27.9)	42 (22.8)	45 (35.2)	χ2 = 5.64	0.018
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	7.8 ± 1.4	7.3 ± 1.2	8.5 ± 1.3	t = 7.82	< 0.001
HbA1c ≥ 8.0%	142 (45.5)	62 (33.7)	80 (62.5)	χ2 = 25.3	< 0.001
Serum albumin, g/L	36.8 ± 4.2	38.2 ± 3.7	34.7 ± 4.1	t = 7.45	< 0.001
Serum albumin < 35 g/L	118 (37.8)	52 (28.3)	66 (51.6)	χ2 = 17.2	< 0.001
Peripheral neuropathy score	6.2 ± 2.1	5.4 ± 1.9	7.3 ± 1.8	t = 8.12	< 0.001
Neuropathy score ≥ 7	156 (50.0)	68 (37.0)	88 (68.8)	χ2 = 31.5	< 0.001
Peripheral arterial disease	164 (52.6)	74 (40.2)	90 (70.3)	χ2 = 27.9	< 0.001
ABI	0.94 ± 0.21	1.02 ± 0.18	0.82 ± 0.19	t = 8.93	< 0.001
ABI < 0.9	147 (47.1)	58 (31.5)	89 (69.5)	χ2 = 44.2	< 0.001
Previous ulcer duration > 8 weeks	136 (43.6)	52 (28.3)	84 (65.6)	χ2 = 43.1	< 0.001
Inadequate offloading compliance	143 (45.8)	56 (30.4)	87 (68.0)	χ2 = 43.7	< 0.001

HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; ABI: Ankle brachial index.