Risk stratification model for diabetic kidney disease progression based on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers

doi:10.4239/wjd.121173

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2026; 17(8): 121173
Published online Aug 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.121173

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population, mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)/n (%)

Characteristic	Total (n = 458)	Progression (n = 142)	Non-progression (n = 316)
Age (years)	56.8 ± 11.2	61.4 ± 10.1	54.5 ± 11.2
Male sex	267 (58.3)	89 (62.7)	178 (56.3)
Diabetes duration (years)	9.7 ± 6.4	12.3 ± 6.8	8.4 ± 5.9
BMI (kg/m²)	26.3 ± 3.8	27.2 ± 3.9	25.9 ± 3.7
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m²)	78.6 ± 24.3	62.3 ± 22.1	86.7 ± 21.5
UACR (mg/g)	85 (32-268)	348 (126-856)	52 (18-142)
HbA1c (%)	8.0 ± 1.5	8.9 ± 1.6	7.6 ± 1.3
SUA (μmol/L)	378 ± 84	425 ± 89	356 ± 76
hs-CRP (mg/L)	2.4 (1.2-4.6)	4.2 (2.1-7.8)	1.8 (0.9-3.2)
TyG index	8.9 ± 0.7	9.4 ± 0.7	8.7 ± 0.6
NLR	2.5 (1.8-3.6)	3.6 (2.4-5.2)	2.1 (1.6-2.9)
Diabetic retinopathy	71 (15.5)	41 (28.9)	30 (9.5)

BMI: Body mass index; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; SUA: Serum uric acid; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.

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Citation: Du N, Li WX, Qiu CY, Wang J. Risk stratification model for diabetic kidney disease progression based on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(8): 121173
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i8/121173.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.121173

Du N, Li WX, Qiu CY, Wang J. Risk stratification model for diabetic kidney disease progression based on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(8): 121173 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.121173]

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