Risk stratification model for diabetic kidney disease progression based on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers

Table 1 Risk stratification and Kaplan-Meier survival outcomes by nomogram score category

Parameter	Low-risk (0-120 points), n = 156	Intermediate-risk (121-200 points), n = 152	High-risk (> 200 points), n = 150
3-year progression rate	8.7%	28.4%	62.3%
HR vs low-risk (95%CI)	Reference	4.1 (2.3-7.3)	12.8 (7.3-22.4)
P value vs low-risk	-	< 0.001	< 0.001
Log-rank P (overall)	< 0.001
Subgroup C-index range	0.821-0.856 (age, sex, diabetes duration subgroups; all interaction P > 0.10)
DCA net benefit superiority	Superior vs “treat all”/“treat none” at 10%-70% threshold probability (most evident at 20%-50%)

Subgroup analyses included age (< 60 years vs ≥ 60 years), sex (male vs female), and diabetes duration (< 10 years vs ≥ 10 years). DCA: Decision curve analysis; HR: Hazard ratio.