Role of CCM3 in lead-induced neurological damage in diabetes

doi:10.4239/wjd.113938

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2026; 17(8): 113938
Published online Aug 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.113938

Table 5 General characteristics of different lead groups in urine

Characteristic	Group		P value
Characteristic	Low urinary lead group (n = 341)	High urinary lead group (n = 113)	P value
Age (year, mean ± SD)	56.20 ± 12.80	60.91 ± 12.04	0.007
Sex, n (%)			0.202
Male	174 (71.31)	70 (28.69)
Female	121 (77.07)	36 (22.93)
Urinary lead levels (μg/L, mean ± SD)	1.02, 0.86	3.19, 1.81	< 0.001
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L, M, IQR)	5.99, 3.05	6.41, 3.99	0.837
BMI (kg/m², M, IQR)	24.10, 4.31	23.67, 4.22	0.059
VMA (μg/mL, M, IQR)	1.17, 1.91	3.17, 4.53	< 0.001
5-HIAA (μg/mL, M, IQR)	1.90, 4.10	1.75, 2.16	0.808
DOPAC (μg/mL, M, IQR)	6.76, 9.43	7.63, 9.43	0.034
HVA (μg/mL, M, IQR)	1.36, 1.89	3.68, 5.00	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; VMA: Vanillylmandelic acid; HVA: Homovanillic acid; DOPAC: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; 5-HIAA: 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid; IQR: Interquartile range.

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Citation: Liang X, Yang LX, Tao T, Ding WJ, Tang XY, Shang ZB, Zhou H, He Y, Sun Y. Role of CCM3 in lead-induced neurological damage in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(8): 113938
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i8/113938.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.113938

Liang X, Yang LX, Tao T, Ding WJ, Tang XY, Shang ZB, Zhou H, He Y, Sun Y. Role of CCM3 in lead-induced neurological damage in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(8): 113938 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.113938]

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