Irisin levels in patients with prediabetes mellitus: A case-control study and meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

Characteristic	NGT (n = 26)	PreDM (n = 9)	P value
Demographics
Age (year)	32.00 (30.00, 32.00)	33.00 (28.00, 39.00)	0.810
Male	3 (11.5)	5 (55.6)	0.015
Anthropometrics
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.11 (19.00, 23.00)	25.01 (23.00, 28.00)	0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	76.48 ± 7.63	94.03 ± 9.41	0.000
Hip circumference (cm)	97.00 (94.00, 98.30)	105.00 (99.00, 106.30)	0.003
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.79 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.06	0.000
Clinical status
Fatty liver	3 (11.5)	5 (55.6)	0.015
Family history of DM	7 (26.9)	4 (44.4)	0.416
Smoking status	0 (0)	1 (11.1)	0.257
Alcohol drinking status	4 (15.4)	4 (44.4)	0.162
Biochemical parameters
Irisin (ng/mL) ELK	5.79 (4.99, 6.07)	5.89 (5.06, 6.57)	0.985
Irisin (pg/mL) Elabscience	22.99 ± 8.90	30.59 ± 10.95	0.045
Glu0 (mmol/L)	4.95 ± 0.38	5.62 ± 0.53	0.000
Glu0.5 (mmol/L)	7.86 ± 0.31	10.24 ± 0.88	0.000
Glu1 (mmol/L)	6.83 ± 1.79	10.38 ± 1.97	0.000
Glu2 (mmol/L)	5.48 (4.81, 6.07)	7.84 (6.95, 8.17)	0.000
Glu3 (mmol/L)	4.35 (3.75, 4.81)	4.30 (3.82, 6.23)	0.697
Ins0 (μIU/mL)	8.67 (6.00, 11.00)	15.61 (11.00, 24.00)	0.001
Ins0.5 (μIU/mL)	90.96 (58.00, 142.00)	117.22 (55.00, 183.00)	0.540
Ins1 (μIU/mL)	92.64 (51.00, 153.64)	154.21 (92.00, 217.21)	0.056
Ins2 (μIU/mL)	49.37 (32.00, 81.37)	101.87 (58.00, 204.87)	0.001
Ins3 (μIU/mL)	25.95 (12.00, 41.95)	37.83 (22.00, 54.83)	0.271
CP0 (ng/mL)	1.80 (1.45, 2.00)	2.90 (2.32, 3.33)	0.000
CP0.5 (ng/mL)	8.30 (6.01, 10.43)	9.36 (5.89, 11.97)	0.838
CP1 (ng/mL)	9.29 (6.01, 15.83)	12.72 (9.28, 14.34)	0.079
CP2 (ng/mL)	7.92 ± 2.42	12.04 ± 3.39	0.000
CP3 (ng/mL)	5.24 ± 2.13	6.26 ± 2.06	0.221
GCG0 (pmol/L)	14.79 ± 6.42	20.41 ± 8.77	0.048
GCG0.5 (pmol/L)	5.83 ± 3.19	10.85 ± 3.31	0.000
GCG1 (pmol/L)	3.67 (2.00, 5.00)	6.68 (4.00, 7.00)	0.005
GCG2 (pmol/L)	3.74 (2.00, 5.00)	5.51 (3.00, 8.00)	0.061
GCG3 (pmol/L)	5.46 (2.00, 8.00)	11.06 (6.00, 24.00)	0.016

Data conforming to a normal distribution are presented as mean ± SD. Non-normally distributed data are presented as median (IQR). Categorical variables are presented as n (%). NGT: Normal glucose tolerance; PreDM: Prediabetes mellitus; DM: Diabetes mellitus; Glu0: Fasting blood glucose; Glu0.5: Oral glucose tolerance test 0.5-hour post-load blood glucose; Glu1: Oral glucose tolerance test 1-hour post-load blood glucose; Glu2: Oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour post-load blood glucose; Glu3: Oral glucose tolerance test 3-hour post-load blood glucose; Ins0: Fasting insulin; Ins0.5: Oral glucose tolerance test 0.5-hour post-load blood insulin; Ins1: Oral glucose tolerance test 1-hour post-load blood insulin; Ins2: Oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour post-load blood insulin; Ins3: Oral glucose tolerance test 3-hour post-load blood insulin; CP0: Fasting C-peptide; CP0.5: Oral glucose tolerance test 0.5-hour post-load blood C-peptide; CP1: Oral glucose tolerance test 1-hour post-load blood C-peptide; CP2: Oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour post-load blood C-peptide; CP3: Oral glucose tolerance test 3-hour post-load blood C-peptide; GCG0: Fasting glucagon; CGC0.5: Oral glucose tolerance test 0.5-hour post-load blood glucagon; GCG1: Oral glucose tolerance test 1-hour post-load blood glucagon; GCG2: Oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour post-load blood glucagon; GCG3: Oral glucose tolerance test 3-hour post-load blood glucagon.