Association between the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease across different glycemic states

doi:10.4239/wjd.120647

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2026; 17(7): 120647
Published online Jul 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.120647

Table 1 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics stratified by C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index quartiles

Characteristic	CTI quartiles					P value
Characteristic	Overall, n = 7413	Q1, n = 1854	Q2, n = 1853	Q3, n = 1853	Q4, n = 1853	P value
Age (year)	50.0 ± 10.9	47.2 ± 11.9	50.6 ± 10.6	51.4 ± 10.3	50.9 ± 10.0	< 0.001
Sex						< 0.001
Men	4157 (56.1)	632 (34.1)	940 (50.7)	1159 (62.5)	1426 (77.0)
Women	3256 (43.9)	1222 (65.9)	913 (49.3)	694 (37.5)	427 (23.0)
University degree or above (n = 578)	293 (50.7)	83 (57.2)	85 (49.4)	57 (46.0)	68 (49.6)	0.426
Current smoking (n = 3579)	617 (17.2)	87 (8.57)	151 (15.9)	166 (19.2)	213 (28.6)	< 0.001
Current drinking (n = 3579)	614 (17.2)	114 (11.2)	146 (15.3)	174 (20.1)	180 (24.1)	< 0.001
Regular exercise (n = 3579)	1815 (50.7)	516 (50.8)	517 (54.3)	436 (50.3)	346 (46.4)	0.014
SBP (mmHg)	124 ± 16.7	118 ± 15.5	123 ± 16.3	126 ± 16.3	129 ± 16.5	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	75.7 ± 11.5	70.8 ± 10.4	74.5 ± 11.3	77.2 ± 11.0	80.2 ± 11.3	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	24.6 ± 3.34	22.4 ± 2.83	24.1 ± 2.95	25.3 ± 2.93	26.6 ± 3.16	< 0.001
WC (cm)	84.1 ± 10.2	76.5 ± 8.69	82.5 ± 9.13	86.7 ± 8.58	90.7 ± 8.64	< 0.001
HC (cm)	94.3 ± 5.93	91.4 ± 5.25	93.8 ± 5.62	95.3 ± 5.46	96.7 ± 6.01	< 0.001
WHR	0.90 (0.84, 0.94)	0.83 (0.79, 0.88)	0.88 (0.83, 0.92)	0.91 (0.87, 0.95)	0.94 (0.90, 0.97)	< 0.001
BRI	3.67 (2.94, 4.41)	2.82 (2.31, 3.48)	3.51 (2.88, 4.12)	3.94 (3.36, 4.52)	4.32 (3.71, 4.97)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	26.5 ± 23.1	19.5 ± 24.1	22.7 ± 14.8	28.3 ± 24.6	35.5 ± 23.9	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	25.0 ± 17.5	22.4 ± 16.5	23.4 ± 9.32	25.9 ± 23.7	28.2 ± 16.8	< 0.001
TBIL (μmol/L)	13.2 ± 5.01	13.7 ± 5.34	13.4 ± 4.78	13.0 ± 4.89	12.7 ± 4.97	< 0.001
DBIL (μmol/L)	3.83 ± 1.64	4.18 ± 1.74	3.92 ± 1.52	3.77 ± 1.73	3.45 ± 1.46	< 0.001
TP (g/L)	72.6 ± 4.47	71.5 ± 4.30	72.0 ± 4.22	72.9 ± 4.24	74.0 ± 4.70	< 0.001
ALB (g/dL)	4.61 ± 0.28	4.57 ± 0.27	4.59 ± 0.28	4.62 ± 0.28	4.68 ± 0.28	< 0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	5.07 ± 1.36	4.94 ± 1.30	5.06 ± 1.39	5.09 ± 1.37	5.19 ± 1.35	< 0.001
PLT (10⁹/L)	219 (187, 255)	216 (182, 252)	220 (188, 256)	221 (190, 260)	220 (188, 254)	< 0.001
Cr (mg/dL)	0.78 ± 0.26	0.72 ± 0.17	0.77 ± 0.29	0.81 ± 0.34	0.82 ± 0.19	< 0.001
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m²)	104 ± 21.0	108 ± 20.7	104 ± 21.0	102 ± 19.6	104 ± 22.0	< 0.001
UA (μmol/L)	342 ± 87.9	296 ± 72.8	329 ± 80.0	359 ± 85.1	386 ± 86.4	< 0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	5.58 ± 1.44	5.04 ± 0.57	5.27 ± 0.67	5.50 ± 1.01	6.50 ± 2.30	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.88 ± 0.83	5.57 ± 0.40	5.72 ± 0.46	5.89 ± 0.67	6.35 ± 1.26	< 0.001
TCHO (mmol/L)	5.18 ± 1.04	4.82 ± 0.94	5.09 ± 0.95	5.25 ± 0.94	5.56 ± 1.18	< 0.001
TG (mmol/L)	1.48 (1.00, 2.28)	0.81 (0.66, 1.01)	1.22 (1.00, 1.50)	1.75 (1.44, 2.13)	3.11 (2.36, 4.41)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.31 ± 0.30	1.50 ± 0.31	1.36 ± 0.28	1.25 ± 0.23	1.12 ± 0.23	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.91 ± 0.83	2.74 ± 0.77	3.01 ± 0.78	3.09 ± 0.79	2.81 ± 0.93	< 0.001
hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.35 (0.71, 2.33)	0.59 (0.30, 0.98)	1.16 (0.75, 1.83)	1.80 (1.12, 2.74)	2.32 (1.50, 3.44)	< 0.001
CTI	8.90 ± 0.90	7.80 ± 0.42	8.59 ± 0.17	9.16 ± 0.16	10.1 ± 0.58	< 0.001
TyG	8.83 ± 0.73	8.09 ± 0.35	8.55 ± 0.31	8.95 ± 0.30	9.73 ± 0.62	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	2.03 (1.36, 3.02)	1.50 (1.05, 2.09)	1.83 (1.27, 2.61)	2.23 (1.54, 3.12)	2.97 (2.00, 4.29)	< 0.001
FINS (μIU/mL)	8.60 (5.90, 12.2)	6.76 (4.84, 9.39)	8.00 (5.50, 11.1)	9.38 (6.53, 13.0)	11.3 (7.73, 14.8)	< 0.001
FIB-4	1.23 ± 0.64	1.25 ± 0.81	1.26 ± 0.60	1.23 ± 0.57	1.19 ± 0.55	0.006
NFS	-2.21 ± 1.14	-2.34 ± 1.10	-2.22 ± 1.14	-2.22 ± 1.12	-2.05 ± 1.19	< 0.001
APRI	0.26 (0.20, 0.34)	0.25 (0.19, 0.31)	0.25 (0.20, 0.32)	0.26 (0.21, 0.34)	0.29 (0.22, 0.39)	< 0.001
DM	931 (12.6)	59 (3.18)	122 (6.58)	203 (11.0)	547 (29.5)	< 0.001
Pre-DM	3549 (47.9)	642 (34.6)	888 (47.9)	1058 (57.1)	961 (51.9)	< 0.001
NGR	2933 (39.6)	1153 (62.2)	843 (45.5)	592 (31.9)	345 (18.6)	< 0.001
Hypertriglyceridemia	3043 (41.0)	39 (2.10)	254 (13.7)	999 (53.9)	1751 (94.5)	< 0.001
Low HDL-C	1911 (25.8)	248 (13.4)	370 (20.0)	511 (27.6)	782 (42.2)	< 0.001
Hypertension	343 (4.63)	48 (2.59)	98 (5.29)	101 (5.45)	96 (5.18)	< 0.001
MASLD	4050 (54.6)	354 (19.1)	817 (44.1)	1259 (67.9)	1620 (87.4)	< 0.001
Use of antihypertensive medication (n = 851)	319 (37.5)	47 (26.7)	87 (40.7)	95 (44.0)	90 (36.7)	0.004
Use of antidiabetic medication (n = 851)	134 (15.7)	47 (26.7)	87 (40.7)	95 (44.0)	90 (36.7)	< 0.001
Use of lipid-lowering medications (n = 851)	79 (9.28)	24 (13.6)	16 (7.48)	14 (6.48)	25 (10.2)	0.07

Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; HC: Hip circumference; WHR: Waist to hip ratio; BRI: Body roundness index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; TP: Total protein; ALB: Albumin; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; PLT: Platelet count; Cr: Serum creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA: Uric acid; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin; TCHO: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; CTI: C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose index; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; FINS: Fasting insulin; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 index; NFS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; Pre-DM: Prediabetes mellitus; NGR: Normal glucose regulation; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

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Citation: Zhang WH, Shi RDQ, Chen K, Li XM, Yu GH, Ye XY, Xu Q, Ding Y, Luo SH. Association between the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease across different glycemic states. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(7): 120647
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i7/120647.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.120647

Zhang WH, Shi RDQ, Chen K, Li XM, Yu GH, Ye XY, Xu Q, Ding Y, Luo SH. Association between the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease across different glycemic states. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(7): 120647 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.120647]

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