Helicobacter pylori and diabetic complications: Stronger evidence for the interlink

doi:10.4239/wjd.119178

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2026; 17(6): 119178
Published online Jun 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.119178

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Figure 2 Potential links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 1 diabetes mellitus with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; Cag A: Cytotoxin-associated gene A; IL-1β: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; NLRP3: NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3; IFNγ: Interferon γ; STAT1: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; NO: Nitric oxide; GAD: Glutamic acid decarboxylase; IA2: Insulinoma antigen 2; LPS: Lipopolysacharide; JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor.

Citation: Medenica S, Fernandez CJ, Pappachan JM. Helicobacter pylori and diabetic complications: Stronger evidence for the interlink. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(6): 119178
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i6/119178.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.119178

Medenica S, Fernandez CJ, Pappachan JM. Helicobacter pylori and diabetic complications: Stronger evidence for the interlink. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(6): 119178 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.119178]

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