Tangwang formula ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting cell apoptosis and regulating the intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiles

Figure 8 Effect of Tangwang formula on the composition of intestinal bacteria (n = 6). A: Venn diagram of overlap ASV among groups; B: Alpha-diversity of intestinal bacteria; C: The relative abundances of the top 12 bacteria at the phylum level; D: The relative abundances of the top 20 bacteria at the family level; E: The relative abundances of the top 20 bacteria at the genus level; F: The relative abundances of p_bacteroidota and p_firmicutes at the phylum level; G: The relative abundances of 5 bacteria at the family level; H: The relative abundances of 11 bacteria at the genus level (p-phylum, c-class, o-order, f-family, g-genus). The data are expressed as mean ± SD, ^aP < 0.05 vs control group, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group, ^cP < 0.05 vs model group, and ^dP < 0.01 vs model group. TWF: Tangwang formula.