Tangwang formula ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting cell apoptosis and regulating the intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiles

Figure 7 Effect of Tangwang formula on retinal microstructure in diabetic retinopathy mice (n = 10) and mouse retinal endothelial cells (n = 3). A: Retinal microstructure was detected by optical coherence tomography; B: Retinal microvascular was detected by fundus fluorescein angiography; C: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of retina tissue; D: The images of horizontal migration by scratch assay at 24 and 48 h. The data are expressed as mean ± SD, ^bP < 0.01 vs control group, ^cP < 0.05 vs model group, and ^dP < 0.01 vs model group. CaD: Calcium dobesilate; GCL: Ganglion cell layer; INL: Inner nuclear layer; ONL: Outer nuclear layer; TWF: Tangwang formula; TWF-L: 30 mmol/L glucose with 25 μg/mL Tangwang formula; TWF-M: 30 mmol/L glucose with 50 μg/mL Tangwang formula; TWF-H: 30 mmol/L glucose with 100 μg/mL Tangwang formula.