Type 2 diabetes, sex and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Figure 2 Conceptual model illustrating how sex differences in the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-metabolic syndrome-type 2 diabetes axis translate into sex-specific clinical outcomes. This figure shows that sex-specific relationships among metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) ultimately lead to sex-specific clinical consequences, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, liver-related events, malignancies, and depression. The figure highlights that sex is a key determinant of how the MASLD-MetS-T2D continuum manifests in real-world clinical outcomes. MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; MetS: Metabolic syndrome; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; LRE: Liver-related events.