Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism, and diabetic retinopathy: A case-control study in Kunming, China

doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.118141

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 17, Issue 5

This Article

(33)

(28)

(0)

(47)

(1)

(793)

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Diabetes

ISSN

1948-9358

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Case Control Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. May 15, 2026; 17(5): 118141
Published online May 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.118141

Table 1 Anthropometric and biochemical data of the study subjects, n (%)/mean ± SD

Observational index	Healthy control group (n = 58)	Type 2 diabetes mellitus group (n = 130)	Diabetic retinopathy group (n = 115)	P value
Male	33 (57.90)	81 (62.31)	76 (66.09)	0.479
Age (years)	50.43 ± 12.53	51.57 ± 11.24	53.52 ± 10.87	0.191
Body mass index (kg/m²)	22.29 ± 4.18	22.98 ± 3.25	23.12 ± 3.38	0.319
Diabetes duration (years)	-	8.00 (2.00, 14.25)	12.00 (6.00, 18.00)	< 0.001^a
Family history of diabetes	-	25 (19.23)	24 (20.87)	0.749
History of diabetic retinopathy	-	5 (3.85)	21 (18.26)	< 0.001^a
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	113.30 ± 18.89	120.79 ± 19.93	128.11 ± 23.21	< 0.001^a
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	70.88 ± 4.52	77.81 ± 9.14	78.89 ± 10.57	< 0.001^a
Serum uric acid (μmol/L)	335.92 ± 97.22	351.10 ± 89.81	353.00 ± 94.05	0.490
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.97 ± 0.87	4.58 ± 0.93	4.56 ± 1.33	0.045^a
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.36 ± 0.64	2.42 ± 1.98	2.46 ± 2.48	0.001^a
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.93 ± 0.78	2.79 ± 0.82	2.68 ± 1.18	0.277
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.53 ± 0.43	1.04 ± 0.29	1.02 ± 0.33	< 0.001^a
Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, nmol/L	65.56 ± 12.78	57.89 ± 18.84	51.53 ± 21.81	< 0.001^a
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	-	7.85 ± 3.14	7.90 ± 2.96	0.898
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio	1.52 ± 0.54	1.71 ± 0.73	1.93 ± 0.85	0.002^a
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio	107.35 ± 43.04	112.84 ± 42.98	127.26 ± 45.22	0.016^a
Systemic immune-inflammation index	331.91 ± 151.42	376.17 ±194.71	422.72 ± 263.50	0.029^a

^aP < 0.05.

Full Size Table

Citation: Liu ZH, Ran ZQ, Yang R, Chen LX, Wang ZZ, Li YY, Han R. Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism, and diabetic retinopathy: A case-control study in Kunming, China. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(5): 118141
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i5/118141.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.118141

Liu ZH, Ran ZQ, Yang R, Chen LX, Wang ZZ, Li YY, Han R. Vitamin D, vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism, and diabetic retinopathy: A case-control study in Kunming, China. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(5): 118141 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.118141]

All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.