Zuo Gui pill alleviates M1 macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis through the Nrf2/HO-1/XCT/GPX4 pathway

Figure 4 Effect of Zuo Gui pill and Fer-1 on histopathology in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis rats. A: Distal femur hematoxylin and eosin staining (scale bar: 200 µm); B: Micro-CT scan of distal femur; C: Micro-CT showed distal femur bone mineral density, bone surface/total volume, bone surface/bone volume, bone volume/total volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular spacing; D: Bone metabolism propeptide of type I procollagen and Tracp5b expression in serum; E: Expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in serum. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). ^aP < 0.05,^bP < 0.01,^cP < 0.001. BMD: Bone mineral density; BS: Bone surface; BV: Bone volume; IL-6: Interleukin-6; MET: Metformin; PINP: Propeptide of type I procollagen; Tb.N: Trabecular number; Tb.Th: Trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp: Trabecular spacing; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TV: Total volume; ZGP: Zuo Gui Pill.