Visceral fat area and remnant cholesterol in type 2 diabetes: Nonlinear associations and thresholds

Table 2 Associations of visceral fat area with residual cholesterol and the residual cholesterol-inflammation index in adults with type 2 diabetes

Exposure	Non-adjusted		Adjust I		Adjust II
	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value
RC
VFA	0.16 (0.10-0.21)	< 0.0001	0.14 (0.08-0.19)	< 0.0001	0.09 (0.01-0.17)	0.0330
VFA quartile
T1	1.0		1.0		1.0
T2	4.77 (-0.45 to 9.99)	0.0735	4.92 (-0.25 to 10.09)	0.0623	7.59 (0.65-14.53)	0.0325
T3	14.18 (9.01-19.36)	< 0.0001	12.28 (7.07-17.49)	< 0.0001	10.96 (3.50-18.42)	0.0041
P for trend	< 0.0001		< 0.0001		0.0036
RCII
VFA quartile	0.09 (0.04-0.15)	0.0018	0.08 (0.02-0.14)	0.0057	0.10 (-0.01 to 0.21)	0.0784
T1	1.0		1.0		1.0
T2	2.46 (-3.23 to 8.14)	0.3977	2.75 (-2.92 to 8.43)	0.3416	6.74 (-2.50 to 15.98)	0.1535
T3	9.19 (3.55-14.83)	0.0014	8.32 (2.61-14.04)	0.0044	12.56 (2.63-22.49)	0.0134
P for trend	0.0014		0.0044		0.0130

Data are β coefficients (95%CIs) and P values from linear regression models. Visceral fat area (VFA) was entered as a continuous variable and as tertiles (T1-T3), with T1 as the reference. The non-adjusted model included no covariates. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for current smoking, current drinking, glycated haemoglobin, free triiodothyronine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and alanine aminotransferase. P for trend across VFA tertiles was calculated by treating the tertiles as an ordinal variable. RC: Residual cholesterol; RCII: Residual cholesterol-inflammation index; VFA: Visceral fat area.