Comparison of triglyceride-glucose index and its derived indices as markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes

Table 2 Association of triglyceride-glucose index and its derived indices with adverse pregnancy outcomes

Outcomes	Model	Tertile	OR (95%CI)
			TyG	TyG-BMI	TyG-WC	TyG-WHtR
GDM	Model 1	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.55 (1.34-1.79)	1.32 (1.15-1.53)	1.34 (1.14-1.56)	1.43 (1.23-1.68)
		T3	2.44 (2.12-2.79)	2.08 (1.82-2.38)	2.25 (1.94-2.60)	2.40 (2.07-2.77)
		P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Model 2	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.41 (1.22-1.63)	1.22 (1.05-1.41)	1.21 (1.03-1.42)	1.30 (1.10-1.53)
		T3	2.00 (1.73-2.31)	1.70 (1.47-1.96)	1.75 (1.46-2.10)	1.93 (1.61-2.31)
		P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Model 3	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.40 (1.20-1.64)	1.07 (0.92-1.24)	1.14 (0.97-1.35)	1.28 (1.08-1.51)
		T3	1.90 (1.62-2.24)	1.20 (1.02-1.41)	1.50 (1.24-1.82)	1.69 (1.40-2.04)
		P for trend	< 0.001	0.021	< 0.001	< 0.001
HDP	Model 1	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.39 (1.12-1.73)	1.45 (1.14-1.84)	1.40 (1.10-1.79)	1.41 (1.11-1.79)
		T3	2.26 (1.85-2.77)	3.49 (2.83-4.31)	2.97 (2.38-3.69)	2.77 (2.23-3.44)
		P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Model 2	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.06 (0.84-1.33)	1.24 (0.97-1.58)	1.09 (0.84-1.41)	1.07 (0.82-1.38)
		T3	1.35 (1.08-1.67)	2.01 (1.61-2.52)	1.29 (0.98-1.71)	1.27 (0.96-1.67)
		P for trend	0.004	< 0.001	0.058	0.076
	Model 3	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	0.99 (0.78-1.25)	1.10 (0.86-1.42)	1.03 (0.79-1.33)	1.02 (0.79-1.33)
		T3	1.16 (0.91-1.49)	1.46 (1.14-1.87)	1.13 (0.85-1.51)	1.13 (0.85-1.51)
		P for trend	0.166	0.001	0.371	0.368
CD	Model 1	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.14 (1.03-1.26)	1.28 (1.15-1.42)	1.28 (1.15-1.44)	1.41 (1.25-1.58)
		T3	1.43 (1.30-1.59)	2.01 (1.82-2.23)	1.95 (1.75-2.17)	2.38 (2.13-2.65)
		P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Model 2	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.00 (0.90-1.11)	1.18 (1.06-1.32)	1.10 (0.97-1.24)	1.23 (1.09-1.39)
		T3	1.10 (0.99-1.23)	1.71 (1.54-1.91)	1.31 (1.13-1.50)	1.78 (1.55-2.05)
		P for trend	0.077	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Model 3	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.00 (0.89-1.11)	1.16 (1.04-1.30)	1.08 (0.96-1.22)	1.21 (1.07-1.37)
		T3	1.08 (0.95-1.22)	1.63 (1.45-1.84)	1.27 (1.10-1.46)	1.73 (1.50-2.00)
		P for trend	0.215	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001
LGA	Model 1	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.33 (1.14-1.54)	1.88 (1.59-2.22)	1.96 (1.63-2.34)	1.73 (1.46-2.06)
		T3	1.82 (1.58-2.10)	3.62 (3.10-4.24)	3.52 (2.98-4.16)	2.85 (2.43-3.35)
		P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Model 2	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.18 (1.01-1.37)	1.83 (1.54-2.16)	1.76 (1.47-2.12)	1.50 (1.25-1.79)
		T3	1.41 (1.21-1.64)	3.48 (2.95-4.09)	2.69 (2.20-3.28)	1.96 (1.61-2.38)
		P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Model 3	T1	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
		T2	1.16 (1.00-1.36)	1.79 (1.51-2.12)	1.75 (1.45-2.11)	1.45 (1.21-1.73)
		T3	1.39 (1.17-1.64)	3.28 (2.75-3.91)	2.63 (2.14-3.23)	1.83 (1.50-2.24)
		P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Model 1: Unadjusted raw data. Model 2: Model 1 adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gravidity (once or twice plus), parity (primiparous or not), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Model 3: Model 2 adjusted for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin. T: Tertiles; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose index; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; HDP: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; CD: Cesarean delivery; LGA: Large for gestational age; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; WHtR: Waist-to-height ratio.