Comparison of triglyceride-glucose index and its derived indices as markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes

Table 1 Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of participants categorized by tertiles of triglyceride-glucose index, n (%)

Characteristics	Overall	TyG index tertiles			P value
		T1	T2	T3
	(n = 10422)	(n = 3475)	(n = 3473)	(n = 3474)
Maternal age (years)	30.0 ± 3.3	29.6 ± 3.1	30.0 ± 3.2	30.5 ± 3.5	< 0.001
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)	21.4 ± 2.7	20.5 ± 2.3	21.3 ± 2.6	22.2 ± 3.0	< 0.001
Gravidity					< 0.001
1	6047 (58.0)	2253 (64.8)	2011 (57.9)	1783 (51.3)
≥ 2	2697 (25.9)	795 (22.9)	928 (26.7)	974 (28.0)
Parity					< 0.001
1	8109 (77.8)	2896 (83.3)	2737 (78.8)	2476 (71.3)
≥ 2	2164 (20.8)	537 (15.5)	705 (20.3)	922 (26.5)
SBP (mmHg)	111.2 ± 10.6	109.5 ± 10.6	111.1 ± 10.5	112.9 ± 10.6	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	69.8 ± 7.6	68.5 ± 7.4	69.7 ± 7.5	71.3 ± 7.7	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	88.4 ± 6.2	86.7 ± 5.7	88.2 ± 6.0	90.2 ± 6.4	< 0.001
Waist-to-height ratio	0.6 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.0	< 0.001
OGTT-0 hour (mmol/L)	4.5 ± 0.3	4.4 ± 0.3	4.4 ± 0.3	4.6 ± 0.4	< 0.001
OGTT-1 hour (mmol/L)	7.8 ± 1.6	7.5 ± 1.6	7.7 ± 1.6	8.0 ± 1.6	< 0.001
OGTT-2 hour (mmol/L)	6.7 ± 1.3	6.4 ± 1.3	6.7 ± 1.3	6.9 ± 1.3	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	16.8 (11.8, 25.4)	18.7 (12.8, 28.7)	17.2 (12.0, 25.8)	14.8 (10.7, 21.8)	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	18.5 (15.6, 22.7)	19.6 (16.5, 24.3)	18.7 (15.9, 22.8)	17.4 (14.8, 21.0)	< 0.001
TP (g/L)	65.7 ± 3.3	64.8 ± 3.2	65.6 ± 3.2	66.5 ± 3.3	< 0.001
ALB (g/L)	39.4 ± 2.4	39.3 ± 2.3	39.4 ± 2.4	39.5 ± 2.4	0.002
UREA (mmol/L)	3.0 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 0.7	< 0.001
CREA (μmol/L)	39.8 ± 6.2	39.9 ± 6.1	40.0 ± 6.2	39.5 ± 6.2	0.001
UA (μmol/L)	231.3 ± 47.3	224.3 ± 45.2	229.5 ± 46.5	240.1 ± 48.9	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)	6.0 ± 1.0	5.8 ± 0.8	6.1 ± 0.9	6.2 ± 1.0	< 0.001
TG (mmol/L)	1.9 (1.6, 2.4)	1.4 (1.3, 1.6)	1.9 (1.8, 2.1)	2.7 (2.4, 3.1)	< 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	2.3 ± 0.4	2.5 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 0.4	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.0 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.8	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	4.9 ± 0.2	4.9 ± 0.2	4.9 ± 0.2	5.0 ± 0.2	< 0.001
TyG	8.8 (8.6, 9.1)	8.5 (8.4, 8.6)	8.8 (8.8, 8.9)	9.2 (9.1, 9.3)	< 0.001
TyG-BMI	205.5 (188.8, 225.9)	190.9 (178.5, 205.4)	206.2 (191.0, 223.0)	223.4 (205.7, 243.9)	< 0.001
TyG-WC	783.4 ± 69.8	735.6 ± 52.1	780.4 ± 54.0	833.4 ± 64.3	< 0.001
TyG-WHtR	4.8 ± 0.4	4.5 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 0.4	< 0.001

TyG: Triglyceride-glucose index; T: Tertiles; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TP: Total protein; ALB: Albumin; UREA: Urea; CREA: Creatinine; UA: Uric acid; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; WC: Waist circumference; WHtR: Waist-to-height ratio.