From lipodystrophy to subcutaneous insulin depots: Overlooked mechanisms of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes

doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.114042

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. May 15, 2026; 17(5): 114042
Published online May 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.114042

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Figure 1 Mechanism of insulin depot formation. Repeated improper insulin injection can cause microtrauma and chronic inflammation in subcutaneous tissue. Persistent injury and inflammation promote the development of abnormal tissue, which reduces local blood flow and impairs insulin diffusion. As a result, insulin accumulates at the injection site and forms a localized depot. ECM: Extracellular matrix; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.

Citation: Nguyen NTY, Tran HP, Luong TV, Nguyen DX, Tran DH, Hoai PHT, Lee MC, Dang HNN. From lipodystrophy to subcutaneous insulin depots: Overlooked mechanisms of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(5): 114042
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i5/114042.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.114042

Nguyen NTY, Tran HP, Luong TV, Nguyen DX, Tran DH, Hoai PHT, Lee MC, Dang HNN. From lipodystrophy to subcutaneous insulin depots: Overlooked mechanisms of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(5): 114042 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i5.114042]

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