Product of C-reactive protein and fasting C-peptide indicates cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study

Table 2 Associations of C-reactive protein, fasting C-peptide, and C-reactive protein-fasting C-peptide product with cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and cardio-cerebrovascular events, OR (95%CI)

	CVEs	P value	CBVEs	P value	CCBVEs	P value
CRP
Model 1	1.130 (0.997-1.281)	0.056	1.351 (1.241-1.470)	< 0.001	1.286 (1.194-1.384)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.113 (0.979-1.265)	0.102	1.246 (1.141-1.360)	< 0.001	1.213 (1.121-1.311)	< 0.001
Model 3	1.049 (0.920-1.196)	0.475	1.182 (1.081-1.293)	< 0.001	1.155 (1.066-1.251)	< 0.001
Model 4	1.055 (0.919-1.212)	0.445	1.180 (1.079-1.291)	< 0.001	1.152 (1.061-1.250)	0.001
Model 5	1.042 (0.896-1.212)	0.594	1.176 (1.062-1.302)	0.002	1.146 (1.047-1.254)	0.003
Model 6	1.176 (0.987-1.402)	0.070	1.149 (1.026-1.287)	0.016	1.155 (1.045-1.277)	0.005
FCP
Model 1	1.187 (1.058-1.332)	0.003	0.998 (0.925-1.077)	0.960	1.071 (1.002-1.146)	0.045
Model 2	1.339 (1.193-1.503)	< 0.001	1.026 (0.948-1.111)	0.526	1.141 (1.063-1.226)	< 0.001
Model 3	1.248 (1.106-1.408)	< 0.001	0.977 (0.898-1.063)	0.589	1.094 (1.016-1.178)	0.017
Model 4	1.233 (1.088-1.398)	0.001	0.972 (0.893-1.058)	0.514	1.071 (0.993-1.155)	0.076
Model 5	1.291 (1.127-1.480)	< 0.001	1.022 (0.929-1.124)	0.658	1.145 (1.053-1.244)	0.001
Model 6	1.190 (1.009-1.403)	0.039	1.100 (0.922-1.311)	0.290	1.212 (1.054-1.394)	0.007
CRP-FCP product
Model 1	1.017 (1.007-1.028)	0.001	1.021 (1.014-1.028)	< 0.001	1.023 (1.016-1.029)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.018 (1.008-1.029)	< 0.001	1.015 (1.008-1.023)	< 0.001	1.020 (1.013-1.028)	< 0.001
Model 3	1.013 (1.002-1.024)	0.019	1.011 (1.003-1.019)	0.005	1.014 (1.007-1.022)	< 0.001
Model 4	1.016 (1.005-1.027)	0.005	1.011 (1.003-1.019)	0.006	1.016 (1.008-1.023)	< 0.001
Model 5	1.018 (1.006-1.030)	0.003	1.012 (1.004-1.021)	0.004	1.018 (1.010-1.026)	< 0.001
Model 6	1.014 (1.001-1.027)	0.041	1.014 (1.004-1.024)	0.006	1.017 (1.009-1.026)	< 0.001

Model 1: Unadjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes; Model 3: Further adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, obesity, hypertension; Model 4: Further adjusted for lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive agents, antiplatelet agents; Model 5: Further adjusted for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index; Model 6: Further adjusted for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum uric acid, urinary albumin excretion, fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, white blood cell, 2h postprandial C-peptide. CRP: C-reactive protein; FCP: Fasting C-peptide; CVEs: Cardiovascular events; CBVEs: Cerebrovascular events; CCBVEs: Cardio-cerebrovascular events.