Prediction model for rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 5 Subgroup analysis of the Nomogram model performance across different patient populations. The bar chart demonstrates the area under the curve (AUC) values with 95% confidence intervals for nine distinct subgroups. Age groups (blue bars, n = 3) showed AUC values ranging from 0.862-0.881; gender subgroups (purple bars, n = 2) displayed AUC values of 0.871-0.883; diabetes duration categories (green bars, n = 3) exhibited AUC values of 0.854-0.889; and the early-stage subgroup with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/minute/1.73 m² (orange bar) achieved an AUC of 0.847. The horizontal dashed line indicates the reference threshold of 0.85. No significant differences were observed among subgroups (all P > 0.4), confirming stable model performance across diverse patient characteristics. Notably, the model maintained good discriminative ability even in early-stage patients, demonstrating potential for ultra-early intervention strategies. AUC: Area under the curve; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; DM: Diabetes mellitus.