Associations of black coffee and black coffee supplemented with milk with diabetes in China: A community-based cross-sectional study

Table 3 Correlation analysis of coffee types

		Unadjusted		Model 11		Model 22
		OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Diabetes	Non-coffee drinkers (n = 5149)	Reference		Reference		Reference
	Black coffee (n = 457)	0.70 (0.50-0.96)	0.026	0.76 (0.55-1.05)	0.098	0.92 (0.65-1.29)	0.617
	Milk coffee (n = 1217)	0.52 (0.41-0.65)	< 0.001	0.60 (0.48-0.75)	< 0.001	0.75 (0.59-0.95)	0.017
High FBG	Non-coffee drinkers (n = 5149)	Reference		Reference		Reference
	Black coffee (n = 457)	0.60 (0.40-0.89)	0.011	0.66 (0.44-0.98)	0.037	0.75 (0.50-1.14)	0.177
	Milk coffee (n = 1217)	0.60 (0.46-0.76)	< 0.001	0.70 (0.55-0.91)	0.006	0.84 (0.64-1.10)	0.194
High 2h-PG	Non-coffee drinkers (n = 5149)	Reference		Reference		Reference
	Black coffee (n = 457)	0.83 (0.68-1.01)	0.068	0.90 (0.74-1.10)	0.299	1.05 (0.85-1.29)	0.678
	Milk coffee (n = 1217)	0.61 (0.53-0.69)	< 0.001	0.66 (0.58-0.76)	< 0.001	0.76 (0.66-0.88)	< 0.001
High HbA1c	Non-coffee drinkers (n = 5149)	Reference		Reference		Reference
	Black coffee (n = 457)	0.69 (0.57-0.84)	< 0.001	0.72 (0.59-0.88)	0.001	0.87 (0.70-1.07)	0.190
	Milk coffee (n = 1217)	0.52 (0.46-0.59)	< 0.001	0.58 (0.51-0.66)	< 0.001	0.72 (0.63-0.83)	< 0.001

¹Adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index.

²Further extended model 1 by incorporating adjustments for education level, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, hypertension, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density cholesterol lipoprotein, family history of diabetes.

2h-PG: 2-hour blood glucose; CI: Confidence interval; FBG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; OR: Odds ratio.