Associations of black coffee and black coffee supplemented with milk with diabetes in China: A community-based cross-sectional study

Table 2 Relationship between coffee consumption and diabetes as well as glucose metabolism parameters

	Unadjusted		Model 11		Model 22
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Diabetes	0.56 (0.46-0.68)	< 0.001	0.64 (0.52-0.77)	< 0.001	0.79 (0.64-0.98)	0.029
High FBG	0.59 (0.48-0.74)	< 0.001	0.68 (0.55-0.85)	0.001	0.81 (0.64-1.03)	0.088
High 2h-PG	0.66 (0.59-0.74)	< 0.001	0.71 (0.64-0.80)	< 0.001	0.83 (0.73-0.95)	0.005
High HbA1c	0.56 (0.50-0.63)	< 0.001	0.61 (0.54-0.69)	< 0.001	0.76 (0.67-0.86)	< 0.001

¹Adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index.

²Further extended model 1 by incorporating adjustments for education level, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, hypertension, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density cholesterol lipoprotein, family history of diabetes.

2h-PG: 2-hour blood glucose; CI: Confidence interval; FBG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; OR: Odds ratio.