SLC30A8 promoter hypermethylation is associated with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease in a Chinese population

Figure 2 Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a causal relationship between decreased solute carrier family 30 member 8 expression and higher risk of type 2 diabetes. A: The quantitative trait loci data from East Asian populations and genome wide association study for type 2 diabetes as the outcome are used for Mendelian randomization analysis; B: The multiple Mendelian randomization methods are implemented using solute carrier family 30 member 8 expression as the exposure and type 2 diabetes as the outcome; C-E: Each instrumental variable’s contribution is assessed to the inverse variance weighted method. GWAS: Genome wide association study; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphisms; QTL: Quantitative trait loci; SLC30A8: Solute carrier family 30 member 8; MR: Mendelian randomization; LD: Linkage disequilibrium; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.