Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic strategies

Figure 5 Personalized medicine framework in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Future metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease management will integrate genetic risk (e.g., PNPLA3, TM6SF2), metabolic and lifestyle factors, and non-invasive biomarkers with artificial intelligence and electronic health records to enable individualized therapy. Multidisciplinary care involving hepatology, endocrinology, cardiology, and primary care will be essential for optimal outcomes. FDA: Food and Drug Administration.