Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic strategies

Figure 4 Emerging therapies in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Several investigational drugs target diverse pathways: Dual incretin agonists (tirzepatide), thyroid hormone receptor-β agonists (resmetirom), farnesoid X receptor agonists (obeticholic acid), pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists (lanifibranor), and fibroblast growth factor analogs (efruxifermin, aldafermin). Most agents demonstrate histologic or imaging benefit in phase 2/3 studies, though none are yet approved. Combination approaches are under evaluation. MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; FA: Fatty acid.