Renal and metabolic effects of semaglutide plus canagliflozin vs canagliflozin alone in type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Table 5 Comparison of oxidative stress and inflammatory factor levels between two groups of patients before and after treatment

Parameter	Time	CM group (n = 107)	CSCT group (n = 104)	t	P value
MDA (μmol/L)	Baseline	4.65 ± 1.09	4.68 ± 1.11	0.158	0.875
	6 months	4.12 ± 0.99	3.78 ± 1.13	2.336	0.020
SOD (U/mg prot)	Baseline	42.05 ± 5.27	42.69 ± 5.35	0.882	0.379
	6 months	45.49 ± 5.55	47.46 ± 5.46	2.597	0.010
TNF-α (ng/L)	Baseline	15.19 ± 3.12	15.26 ± 3.26	0.162	0.871
	6 months	10.43 ± 2.36	9.68 ± 2.29	2.325	0.021
CRP (mg/L)	Baseline	2.45 ± 0.42	2.47 ± 0.45	0.334	0.739
	6 months	1.74 ± 0.26	1.39 ± 0.24	10.144	< 0.001

MDA: Malondialdehyde; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; CRP: C-reactive protein; CM: Canagliflozin monotherapy; CSCT: Canagliflozin and semaglutide combination therapy.