Renal and metabolic effects of semaglutide plus canagliflozin vs canagliflozin alone in type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Table 4 Comparison of islet function and serum asprosin and free fatty acids levels between two groups of patients before and after treatment

Parameter	Time	CM group (n = 107)	CSCT group (n = 104)	t	P value
FFA (mmol/L)	Baseline	0.55 ± 0.17	0.56 ± 0.18	0.334	0.739
	6 months	0.52 ± 0.16	0.46 ± 0.12	3.172	0.002
HOMA-IR	Baseline	5.19 ± 0.45	5.22 ± 0.42	0.379	0.705
	6 months	4.08 ± 0.36	3.94 ± 0.45	2.582	0.011
HOMA-β	Baseline	45.99 ± 5.64	45.98 ± 5.56	0.007	0.994
	6 months	49.36 ± 5.87	51.22 ± 5.79	2.310	0.022
Asprosin (ng/mL)	Baseline	7.52 ± 1.19	7.57 ± 1.21	0.298	0.766
	6 months	6.33 ± 0.52	6.16 ± 0.48	2.528	0.012

FFA: Free fatty acid; HOMA-IR: Insulin resistance index; HOMA-β: Islet β-cell function; CM: Canagliflozin monotherapy; CSCT: Canagliflozin and semaglutide combination therapy.