Association of serum bile acid profiles with the risk of gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 4 Multivariate analysis of bile acids in the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model. A: Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis three-dimensional model between uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic gastric autonomic neuropathy. R2X = 0.406, R2Y = 0.183, and Q2Y = -0.274; B: The permutation test demonstrated no overfitting in the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model [Q2 = (0, -0.386), R2 = (0, 0.152)]; C: The contribution of the metabolites distinguishing uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus from diabetic gastric autonomic neuropathy as indicated by variable importance in projection values. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; DGAN: Diabetic gastric autonomic neuropathy; TLCA: Taurolithocholic acid; GUDCA: Glycoursodeoxycholic acid; GLCA: Glycolithocholic acid; LCA: Lithocholic acid; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; GDCA: Glycodeoxycholic acid; TDCA: Taurodeoxycholic acid; CA: Cholic acid; GCA: Glycocholic acid; TCA: Taurocholic acid; TCDCA: Taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA: Glycochenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: Deoxycholic acid; TUDCA: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid.