Formononetin inhibits p53 signaling pathway activation to delay cellular senescence and ameliorates diabetic kidney disease

Figure 3 Formononetin intervention delays high glucose-induced senescence in MPC-5 cells. A: Heatmap of genes related to the p53 signaling pathway showing that formononetin (FN) intervention upregulates MDM2 and CCND1 expression and downregulates p21 expression; B: The molecular docking results of FN and MDM2; C: Western blot bands of proliferating cell nuclear antigen; D and E: Cell staining and cell supernatant β-galactosidase (β-GAL) activity assay demonstrating that FN intervention significantly reduces β-GAL activity in MPC-5 cells; F: Β-GAL indicator cell staining photography (100 ×); G: Western blot analysis revealing that FN intervention significantly decreases proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein levels. n = 3 per group. ^aP < 0.05 vs control groups; ^bP < 0.01 vs control groups; ^cP < 0.05 vs high glucose groups; ^dP < 0.01 vs high glucose groups. NS: Not significant; FN: Formononetin; HG: High glucose; H-FN: High dose of formononetin; PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen.