Fibroblast growth factor 1 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by reducing renal lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney

Figure 8 Fibroblast growth factor 1 reduces lipid accumulation by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. A: Lipid accumulation assessed by Oil Red O staining in high glucose and palmitate acid-treated human kidney-2 cells with or without fibroblast growth factor 1 and compound C treatment; B: Quantification of Oil Red O staining; C: Triglyceride content measured to quantify lipid accumulation; D: AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and adipose differentiation related protein expression detected by Western blot; E: Quantification of adipose differentiation related protein Western blot; F: Schematic illustration of the protective effects of fibroblast growth factor 1 in diabetic nephropathy and high glucose and palmitate acid-treated human kidney-2 cells. Three to four independent experiments were performed for each analysis. ^aP < 0.05. ADPR: Adipose differentiation related protein; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CPT1a: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A; Ctrl: Control; FGF1: Fibroblast growth factor 1; FAO: Fatty acid beta-oxidation; HGPA: High glucose and palmitic acid; PGC1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha; PPARα: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.