Fibroblast growth factor 1 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by reducing renal lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney

Figure 6 Fibroblast growth factor 1 regulates fatty acid metabolism gene expression in high glucose and palmitate acid-treated human kidney-2 cells. A: Oxygen consumption rate of high glucose and palmitate acid-treated human kidney-2 cells with or without fibroblast growth factor 1 measured using the Seahorse XF Analyzer; B: Quantification of oxygen consumption rate; C: Protein expression levels of cluster of differentiation 36, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and P-AMP-activated protein kinase assessed by Western blot; D-G: Quantification of protein expression levels of cluster of differentiation 36, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Three or eight independent experiments were conducted for each analysis. ^aP < 0.05. AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; CD36: Cluster of differentiation 36; CPT1a: Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A; Ctrl: Control; FCCP: Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; FGF1: Fibroblast growth factor 1; HGPA: High glucose and palmitic acid; OCR: Oxygen consumption rate; PPARα: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.