Fibroblast growth factor 1 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by reducing renal lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney

Figure 1 Induction of a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model and experimental design for fibroblast growth factor 1 intervention. A: Schematic illustration of the experimental timeline, including high-fat diet feeding, streptozotocin injection, and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) administration; B: Glucose tolerance test; C: Area under the curve analysis of glucose tolerance test; D: Insulin tolerance test; E: Area under the curve analysis of insulin tolerance test; F: Non-fasting blood glucose levels measured 7 days after streptozotocin injection; G: Body weight monitoring during FGF1 treatment period; H: Time-course measurements of blood glucose levels during FGF1 treatment. Data were presented as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^bP < 0.05 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus + phosphate buffered saline group. AUC: Area under the curve; Ctrl: Control; FGF1: Fibroblast growth factor 1; GTT: Glucose tolerance test; HFD: High-fat diet; ITT: Insulin tolerance test; ND: Normal diet; STZ: Streptozotocin; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.