Diabetes: A comprehensive review of the Indian landscape in contrast with global trends

doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i2.110701

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Feb 15, 2026; 17(2): 110701
Published online Feb 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i2.110701

Table 9 Key components of India’s diabetes care ecosystem infrastructure, access, and policy recommendations

India’s approach to healthcare: Treatment and management[146-151]
Ref.	World Health Organization[146], 2022; Muralidharan[147], 2024; Mohan et al[148], 2007; International Diabetes Federation[149], 2023; Anjana et al[150], 2017; Ranasinghe et al[151], 2024
Component	Details
National program	NPCDCS (2010) - screening, lifestyle advice, free medication/diagnostics at PHCs; implemented in 600+ districts
Primary care infrastructure	Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) - diabetes screening, lifestyle education, digital health records via ABHA ID
Private sector role	Handles approximately 70% of diabetes cases; offers specialist care, advanced diagnostics, but with higher out-of-pocket expenses
Affordable medicines	Jan Aushadhi Kendras supply low-cost generics (Metformin, glimepiride, basic insulin)
Diagnostic access	Public labs provide subsidized HbA1c, glucose, and lipid profile tests; mobile units support rural outreach
Insulin availability	Cold chain limitations in rural areas; limited access to analogs and newer injectables (GLP-1, SGLT2i) in the public sector
Digital health tools	eSanjeevani: Govt. teleconsultation platform - private apps (BeatO, 1 mg, HealthifyMe), sugar tracking, online consults, lifestyle advice
Challenges	Poor awareness and treatment adherence - high cost in the private sector - rural supply chain gaps - fragmented care and follow-up
Policy recommendations	Universal screening - subsidized diagnostics and newer drugs - better referral system - rural insulin supply - integrate nutrition and mental health

NPCDCS: National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke; PHCs: Primary health centers; HWCs: Health and Wellness Centers; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; ABHA ID: Ayushman Bharat Health Account ID.

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Citation: Rana NS, Vishvakarma NK, Sonkar SC, Beg MMA. Diabetes: A comprehensive review of the Indian landscape in contrast with global trends. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(2): 110701
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i2/110701.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v17.i2.110701

Rana NS, Vishvakarma NK, Sonkar SC, Beg MMA. Diabetes: A comprehensive review of the Indian landscape in contrast with global trends. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(2): 110701 [PMID: 41696098 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i2.110701]

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