Integrating traditional Chinese medicine syndromes with clinical variables to predict lower extremity arterial disease in type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Laboratory indicators of included patients

Indicator	LEAD group (n = 647)	Non-LEAD group (n = 371)	P value
Hemoglobin (g/L)	135 (123, 147)	141 (129, 152)	< 0.001
RBC count (× 1012/L)	4.47 (4.02, 4.81)	4.69 (4.33, 5.04)	< 0.001
Platelet count (× 109/L)	187 (151, 227)	197 (156, 236)	0.083
Urine glucose			0.281
-	388 (59.97)	214 (57.68)
±	27 (4.17)	9 (2.43)
1+	31 (4.79)	15 (4.04)
2+	183 (28.28)	121 (32.61)
3+	18 (2.78)	12 (3.23)
Urine WBC (× 109/L)	5 (2, 16)	5 (2, 15)	0.395
Urine RBC (× 109/L)	5 (2, 11)	5 (3, 12)	0.492
Urine protein			0.004
-	594 (91.81)	358 (96.50)
1+	19 (2.94)	5 (1.35)
2+	20 (3.09)	4 (1.08)
3+	14 (2.16)	3 (0.81)
4+	0 (0.00)	1 (0.27)
FBG (mmol/L)	7 (6, 10)	8 (6, 11)	0.024
HbA1c (%)	7.90 (6.80, 9.60)	8.10 (6.80, 9.80)	0.611
TG (mmol/L)	1.38 (0.97, 2.10)	1.59 (1.02, 2.47)	0.007
TC (mmol/L)	4.42 (3.81, 5.24)	4.69 (4.05, 5.44)	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.456 (1.645, 3.055)	2.620 (1.935, 3.275)	0.003
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.10 (0.90, 1.42)	1.14 (0.90, 1.44)	0.600
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	62.7 (53.1, 75.5)	56.6 (48.6, 66.8)	< 0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	5.95 (4.98, 7.24)	5.55 (4.65, 6.47)	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	17 (13, 24)	20 (14, 32)	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	17.8 (14.0, 22.0)	18.0 (14.0, 24.0)	0.037

Data are expressed as median (Q1, Q3) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. Continuous and ordinal variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (with ties correction). P values were pooled from five multiple imputations using Rubin’s rules. LEAD: Lower extremity arterial disease; RBC: Red blood cell; WBC: White blood cell; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.