Association of serum oncostatin M with disease severity and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia with diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in this study, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Characteristics	CAP (n = 323)	DM-CAP (n = 87)	P value
Sex, male	186 (57.59)	57 (65.52)	0.181
Age, years	62 (41-74)	67 (61-78)	< 0.001
Underlying disease(s)
Chronic heart diseases	64 (19.81)	43 (49.43)	< 0.001
Hypertension	101 (31.27)	61 (70.11)	< 0.001
Chronic renal diseases	4 (1.24)	5 (5.75)	0.020
Cerebrovascular diseases	40 (12.38)	22 (25.29)	0.003
Chronic pulmonary diseases	22 (6.81)	9 (10.34)	0.899
Physical examination
T max, °C	36.80 (36.50-37.60)	36.90 (36.50-37.50)	0.701
Respiratory frequency ≥ 30 breaths/minute	8 (2.48)	5 (5.75)	0.002
Heart rates ≥ 100 beats/minute	61 (18.89)	24 (27.59)	0.002
Confusion	38 (11.76)	23 (26.44)	0.001
SBP < 90 mmHg or DBP ≤ 60 mmHg	17 (5.26)	7 (8.05)	0.326
Laboratory results
WBC (× 109/L)	7.75 (6.14-10.28)	8.54 (6.51-12.62)	0.010
NEU (× 109/L)	5.12 (3.53-7.54)	6.40 (4.30-10.86)	0.001
LYM (× 109/L)	1.58 (1.01-2.17)	1.34 (0.78-1.84)	0.013
CRP (mg/L)	19.70 (3.51-67.18)	47.11 (12.39-117.00)	0.001
PCT (μg/L)	0.06 (0.03-0.20)	0.16 (0.07-0.80)	< 0.001
Glu (mmol/L)	5.02 (4.55-5.97)	8.20 (6.11-12.17)	< 0.001
ALB (g/L)	37.37 (33.68-39.70)	36.07 (31.32-40.07)	0.094
Cr (μmol/L)	70.60 (58.14-83.49)	75.47 (63.58-100.20)	0.004
BUN (mmol/L)	4.80 (3.84-6.46)	6.04 (4.90-9.30)	< 0.001
Oncostatin M (pg/mL)	21.25 (9.76-44.59)	32.94 (14.54-72.34)	0.004
Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)	4.00 (2.15-8.30)	6.32 (3.38-15.21)	< 0.001
Interleukin-8 (pg/mL)	15.25 (11.19-22.02)	17.51 (12.76-31.09)	0.023
Chest CT
Multipolar infiltrates	168 (52.01)	54 (62.07)	0.095
Pleural effusion	53 (16.41)	19 (21.84)	0.237
Treatment
Intravenous hormone therapy	42 (13.00)	11 (12.64)	0.929
Vasoactive drug therapy	15 (4.64)	14 (16.09)	< 0.001
CURB-65 score	0 (0-1)	1 (0-2)	< 0.001
PSI score	61 (40-90)	85 (65-119)	< 0.001
In-hospital mortality	16 (4.95)	4 (4.60)	1.000
1-year mortality	34 (10.53)	17 (19.54)	0.024

Variables are expressed as n (%); mean ± SD for continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution; and median (interquartile range) for continuous nonparametric data. CAP: Community-acquired pneumonia; DM: Diabetes mellitus; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; WBC: White blood cell; NEU: Neutrophil; LYM: Lymphocyte; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; Cr: Creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Glu: Glucose; ALB: Albumin; CT: Computed tomography; CURB-65: Confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥ 65 years; PSI: Pneumonia severity index.