Cluster analysis of computed tomography identifies duration-associated abdominal fat deposition in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Comparison of demographic and biochemical indicators between groups, mean ± SD

Item	Healthy group (n = 150)	Prediabetes group (n = 130)	DMa group (n = 207)	DMb group (n = 191)	P value
Gender (male/female)	75/75	77/53	106/101	100/91	0.127
Age (years)	55.20 ± 10.65	55.73 ± 10.23	56.13 ± 11.09	57.65 ± 9.36	0.122
Height (cm)	169.70 ± 9.75	167.8 ± 8.37	168.72 ± 8.54	169.13 ± 8.51	0.091
Weight (kg)	70.81 ± 10.97	70.66 ± 12.69	74.51 ± 16.35a	75.42 ± 52.08a	0.006f
BMI (kg/m2)	24.88 ± 3.37	25.14 ± 3.40a	25.95 ± 4.40b	24.94 ± 3.90a	0.000f
FPG (mmol/L)	5.48 ± 0.98	5.96 ± 1.15a	8.86 ± 3.97b,d	8.43 ± 3.89b,d	0.001f
2 hours OGTT (mmol/L)	7.20 ± 1.19	9.72 ± 2.91b	16.84 ± 5.44b,d	15.17 ± 5.00b,d	0.000f
HbA1c (%)	5.41 ± 0.76	6.36 ± 1.47b	8.64 ± 2.51b,d	8.32 ± 2.03b,d	0.000f
Scr (μmol/L)	80.47 ± 1.47	77.58 ± 1.20	83.37 ± 1.25	90.12 ± 1.28	0.072
BUN (mmol/L)	5.09 ± 2.86	5.76 ± 3.02	5.18 ± 3.31	6.87 ± 4.77b	0.034f
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	94.77 ± 3.18	95.51 ± 17.34	98.51 ± 21.99	82.39 ± 27.22a,c,e	0.011f
TG (mmol/L)	1.47 ± 0.17	1.70 ± 0.45	2.43 ± 2.64a,c	2.39 ± 2.27a,c	0.035f
TC (mmol/L)	3.94 ± 0.87	4.17 ± 1.47	4.72 ± 1.44a,c	4.78 ± 1.48a,c	0.036f
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.29 ± 0.64	1.31 ± 0.81	1.72 ± 0.44	1.11 ± 0.44e	0.041f
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.91 ± 0.16	2.77 ± 0.91	2.87 ± 1.07	3.54 ± 1.05	0.052
ALT (U/L)	25.79 ± 6.85	30.57 ± 2.54	48.85 ± 7.11b,c	68.06 ± 15.51b,c	0.023f
AST (U/L)	29.72 ± 8.47	30.84 ± 2.01	48.78 ± 4.62b,c	68.27 ± 16.03b,c	0.010f

^aP < 0.05 vs the control group.

^bP < 0.01 vs the control group.

^cP < 0.05 vs the prediabetes group.

^dP < 0.01 vs the prediabetes group.

^eP < 0.05 vs type 2 diabetes mellitus with disease duration < 5 years group.

^fP < 0.05.

DMa: Type 2 diabetes mellitus with disease duration < 5 years; DMb: Type 2 diabetes mellitus with disease duration ≥ 5 years; BMI: Body mass index; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.