Diabetes as a pan-cancer risk factor: Triangulated evidence from global burden, longitudinal cohorts, and Mendelian randomization

doi:10.4239/wjd.124123

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2026; 17(11): 124123
Published online Nov 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.124123

Table 3 Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal association between diabetes and cancer

Diabetes (exposure)	Cancer (outcome)	Method	Single nucleotide polymorphisms	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value for pleiotropy
finn-b-E4_DMNAS	ukb-e-2453_CSA	IVW	8	0.012	1.50 (1.09, 2.06)	0.685
		Weighted median	8	< 0.001	1.57 (1.21, 2.05)
		Simple mode	8	0.049	1.76 (1.10, 2.81)
		Weighted mode	8	0.009	1.59 (1.23, 2.04)
		MR Egger	8	0.121	1.65 (0.96, 2.82)

IVW: Inverse variance weighting; OR: Odds ratio; MR: Mendelian randomization.

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Citation: Lu Y, Chai MS, Lan QY, Yang QM, Yang FR, Xiao TN, Kong XW, Zhou PR, Hua H. Diabetes as a pan-cancer risk factor: Triangulated evidence from global burden, longitudinal cohorts, and Mendelian randomization. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(11): 124123
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i11/124123.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.124123

Lu Y, Chai MS, Lan QY, Yang QM, Yang FR, Xiao TN, Kong XW, Zhou PR, Hua H. Diabetes as a pan-cancer risk factor: Triangulated evidence from global burden, longitudinal cohorts, and Mendelian randomization. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(11): 124123 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.124123]

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