Potentially modifiable predictors in models for undiagnosed and incident type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Table 3 Frequency of predictor variables across the included models

Category	Predictor	Frequency
Non-modifiable	Age	83
	Sex	48
	Family history of diabetes	41
	Education	7
	Race/ethnicity	5
Obesity	Body mass index	68
	Waist circumference	28
	Waisttohip ratio	12
	Obesity/central obesity	5
	Waist-to-height ratio	3
Lifestyle	Smoking	36
	Physical activity	23
	Dietary factors (e.g., fruit, vegetable, meat, dessert intake, tea)	14
	Alcohol	11
	Sleep duration	5
Glycemic	Glucose (FPG or random glucose)	51
	HbA1c	24
	Post-load glucose measures (2hPG or OGTT-AUC)	4
	Insulin	3
Lipid	Triglycerides	39
	HDL	20
	Total cholesterol	9
	LDL	8
	Hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia medication use	8
	Lipid accumulation product/lipid indices	3
Blood pressure	Hypertension	34
	SBP	15
	DBP	6
Liver	Liver dysfunction/ALT/AST	8
	Fatty liver	6
Metabolic	Uric acid	4
	Creatinine/eGFR/renal function	3

2hPG: 2-hour post-load glucose; OGTT-AUC: Oral glucose tolerance test area under the curve; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; SBP: Systolic blood pressure.