Cluster-based metabolic subphenotypes and projected cross-organ risk in Chinese adults with prediabetes

Figure 3 Prevalence ratios for threshold-defined intermediate/high-risk status across metabolic subtypes. Forest plot shows prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95%CIs for the association between metabolic subtype and each threshold-defined risk-score-derived outcome, with mild obesity-related dysmetabolism as the reference group. Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 used outcome-specific adjusted covariates that were not direct components of the corresponding target risk equation: (1) Triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase, platelet count, estimated glomerular filtration rate, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and waist circumference for cardiovascular disease risk; (2) Aspartate aminotransferase, platelet count, TG, LDL-C, and waist circumference for projected chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk; and (3) Waist circumference, sex, TG, estimated glomerular filtration rate, LDL-C, and systolic blood pressure for fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). PRs greater than 1 indicate a higher prevalence of threshold-positive status relative to mild obesity-related dysmetabolism. 95%CIs crossing 1 indicate that the comparison did not reach statistical significance at the two-sided 0.05 level. The adjusted-model analytic samples included 452 participants for Framingham-estimated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk ≥ 10%, 448 participants for CKD prognosis consortium-estimated projected 5-year CKD risk ≥ 5%, and 585 participants for FIB-4 ≥ 1.30. Estimates describe score-derived projected risk categories and FIB-4-defined liver fibrosis-risk signal rather than observed incident cardiovascular, kidney, or liver outcomes. CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; MARD: Mild age-related dysmetabolism; MOD: Mild obesity-related dysmetabolism; SID: Severe insulin deficiency; SIR: Severe insulin resistance; Ref: Reference.