Imbalances in RNA metabolic networks in vascular lesions associated with diabetes and sarcopenia

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of non-coding RNA regulatory networks contributing to vascular injury in diabetic sarcopenia. This figure is produced using Adobe Illustrator and Biorender. Under the combined stimulation of hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs) derived from exosomes of atrophic sarcopenic skeletal muscle form a dysregulated competitive endogenous RNA network. This disturbance triggers endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction, ultimately driving vascular remodelling. MALAT1: Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; GAS5: Growth arrest-specific 5; circRNA: Circular RNAs; HOTAIR: HOX transcript antisense RNA; NEAT1: Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.