Elevated triglyceride-glucose index predicts poor third-trimester glycemic control among gestational diabetes mellitus women: A prospective study in Shanghai

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of women with gestational diabetes mellitus classified by the trajectory analysis (n = 1118), n (%)

Variables	Total GDM women (n = 1118)	Good PGC group (n = 609)	Bad PGC group (n = 509)	Statistic	P value
Age (years), mean (SD)	30.5 (4.3)	30.3 (4.1)	30.7 (4.6)	1.23	0.22
Age group (years)
< 35	924 (82.6)	514 (55.6)	410 (44.4)	2.87	0.09
≥ 35	194 (17.4)	95 (49.0)	99 (51.0)
Education
Primary/Junior high	231 (20.7)	106 (45.9)	125 (54.1)	19.84	< 0.01
Senior high	210 (18.8)	98 (46.7)	112 (53.3)
College and above	677 (60.5)	405 (59.8)	272 (40.2)
Monthly income (RMB)
≤ 5000	261 (23.3)	120 (46.0)	141 (54.0)	11.38	< 0.01
5001-10000	584 (52.2)	325 (55.7)	259 (44.3)
> 10000	273 (24.4)	164 (60.1)	109 (39.9)
Residency status
Local resident	358 (32.0)	200 (55.9)	158 (44.1)	0.41	0.52
Non-local resident	760 (68.0)	409 (53.8)	351 (46.2)
Balanced diet with suggestion
Yes	455 (40.7)	254 (55.8)	201 (44.2)	0.57	0.45
No	663 (59.3)	355 (53.5)	308 (46.5)
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
< 24 (low/normal weight)	726 (64.9)	440 (60.6)	286 (39.4)	31.41	< 0.01
≥ 24 (overweight/obesity)	392 (35.1)	169 (43.1)	223 (56.9)
Preterm delivery
Yes	57 (5.1)	30 (52.6)	27 (47.4)	0.08	0.78
No	1061 (94.9)	579 (54.6)	482 (45.4)
Pregnant status
Primipara	532 (47.6)	296 (55.6)	236 (44.4)	0.56	0.46
Multipara	586 (52.4)	313 (53.4)	273 (46.6)
Daily PE time (minute/day), median (IQR)	65 (45-90)	70 (48-90)	65 (45-85)	-2.68	< 0.01
Daily PE time group (minute/day)
< 30	52 (4.7)	25 (48.1)	27 (51.9)	13.68	< 0.01
30-59	385 (34.4)	196 (50.9)	189 (49.1)
60-89	375 (33.5)	204 (54.4)	171 (45.6)
90-119	220 (19.7)	122 (55.5)	98 (44.5)
≥ 120	86 (7.7)	62 (72.1)	24 (27.9)
Lab test at 24-28 gestational weeks
FPG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	5.1 (0.4)	4.9 (0.4)	5.3 (0.4)	11.86	< 0.01
1-hPG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	9.1 (1.9)	9.2 (1.9)	9.1 (2.0)	-1.64	0.10
2-hPG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	7.5 (1.5)	7.5 (1.5)	7.5 (1.5)	-0.76	0.45
TG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	2.8 (1.1)	2.6 (1.0)	2.9 (1.2)	5.44	< 0.01
CHOL (mmol/L), mean (SD)	5.9 (1.1)	6.1 (1.1)	5.8 (1.1)	-4.55	< 0.01

GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; PGC: Plasma glucose control; BMI: Body mass index; PE: Physical exercise; IQR: Interquartile range; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PG: Plasma glucose; TG: Triglyceride; CHOL: Cholesterol.