Regression to normoglycemia, progression to diabetes, and their association with health outcomes in Chinese adults with untreated prediabetes

Table 3 Associations between prediabetes transitions and clinical outcomes during the 2015-2020 follow-up

Outcome/variables	n	N	Cumulative risk (95%CI)	Crude OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)a	P value
CVD
Regression to normoglycemia	43	346	12.4 (9.0-15.9)	0.86 (0.60-1.23)	0.403	0.93 (0.64-1.36)	0.716
Persistent prediabetes	148	1041	14.2 (12.1-16.3)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Progression to diabetes	40	194	20.6 (14.9-26.3)	1.57 (1.06-2.31)	0.024	0.97 (0.62-1.52)	0.899
Kidney disease
Regression to normoglycemia	16	346	4.6 (2.4-6.8)	1.63 (0.88-3.03)	0.123	1.47 (0.78-2.78)	0.236
Persistent prediabetes	30	1038	2.9 (1.9-3.9)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Progression to diabetes	12	192	6.2 (2.8-9.7)	2.24 (1.13-4.46)	0.022	2.01 (0.90-4.48)	0.088
Mortality
Regression to normoglycemia	12	359	3.3 (1.5-5.2)	1.04 (0.54-2.03)	0.898	1.12 (0.56-2.23)	0.747
Persistent prediabetes	35	1092	3.2 (2.2-4.2)	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Progression to diabetes	14	210	6.7 (3.3-10.0)	2.16 (1.14-4.08)	0.018	2.36 (1.18-4.72)	0.015

^aThe factors adjusted for included age, gender, marital status, education level, total household income, health insurance, physical activity, smoking status, drinking status, current health status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, comorbidity, body mass index, antihypertensive therapy, lipid-lowering therapy and glucose-lowering therapy.

OR: Odds ratio; CVD: Cardiovascular disease.