Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2026; 17(10): 124090
Published online Oct 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.124090
Published online Oct 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.124090
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n (%)
| Characteristics | Total | Regression to normoglycemia | Progression to diabetes | Persistent prediabetes | P value |
| Number of participants | 2461 | 530 (21.5) | 373 (15.2) | 1558 (63.3) | |
| Baseline FPG (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 6.0 (0.4) | 5.9 (0.3) | 6.1 (0.4) | 6.0 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.2 (0.4) | 5.0 (0.4) | 5.4 (0.4) | 5.2 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 59.0 (8.6) | 57.7 (8.6) | 60.1 (8.8) | 59.2 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| Age category | |||||
| 45-59 years | 1375 (55.9) | 331 (62.5) | 191 (51.2) | 853 (54.7) | 0.001 |
| ≥ 60 years | 1086 (44.1) | 199 (37.5) | 182 (48.8) | 705 (45.3) | |
| Males | 1133 (46.0) | 283 (53.4) | 145 (38.9) | 705 (45.3) | < 0.001 |
| Married | 2080 (84.5) | 457 (86.2) | 306 (82.0) | 1317 (84.5) | 0.230 |
| Education level: High school or above | 217 (8.8) | 60 (11.3) | 28 (7.5) | 129 (8.3) | 0.064 |
| Total household income (CNY) | |||||
| < 10000 | 777 (50.3) | 171 (51.5) | 128 (51.6) | 478 (49.5) | 0.744 |
| ≥ 10000 | 768 (49.7) | 161 (48.5) | 120 (48.4) | 487 (50.5) | |
| Health insurance | |||||
| No | 114 (4.6) | 32 (6.0) | 13 (3.5) | 69 (4.4) | 0.165 |
| Yes | 2339 (95.4) | 497 (94.0) | 359 (96.5) | 1483 (95.6) | |
| Current smokers | 678 (27.9) | 152 (28.8) | 94 (25.7) | 432 (28.1) | 0.563 |
| Current alcohol drinkers | 454 (18.5) | 106 (20.0) | 57 (15.3) | 291 (18.7) | 0.19 |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Active | 958 (38.9) | 198 (37.4) | 136 (36.5) | 624 (40.1) | 0.312 |
| Other | 1503 (61.1) | 332 (62.6) | 237 (63.5) | 934 (59.9) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| < 24 | 1206 (56.0) | 297 (62.9) | 135 (40.5) | 774 (57.4) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 24 (overweight/obese) | 947 (44.0) | 175 (37.1) | 198 (59.5) | 574 (42.6) | |
| Self-rated current health status | |||||
| Poor/very poor | 647 (26.3) | 138 (26.0) | 118 (31.7) | 391 (25.1) | 0.034 |
| Very good/good/fair | 1811 (73.7) | 392 (74.0) | 254 (68.3) | 1165 (74.9) | |
| Disease status | |||||
| Hypertension | 712 (29.0) | 147 (27.9) | 156 (41.8) | 409 (26.3) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 270 (11.2) | 48 (9.2) | 72 (19.6) | 150 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
| CVD | 365 (14.9) | 72 (13.6) | 83 (22.3) | 210 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
| Number of comorbidities | |||||
| 0 | 1588 (64.5) | 330 (62.3) | 225 (60.3) | 1033 (66.3) | 0.045 |
| ≥ 1 | 873 (35.5) | 200 (37.7) | 148 (39.7) | 525 (33.7) | |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L), mean (SD) | 2.5 (6.8) | 1.9 (4.3) | 3.4 (7.6) | 2.6 (7.3) | 0.008 |
| Baseline FPG category | |||||
| 5.6-6.0 mmol/L | 1310 (55.1) | 338 (65.0) | 139 (38.7) | 833 (55.6) | < 0.001 |
| 6.1-6.9 mmol/L | 1067 (44.9) | 182 (35.0) | 220 (61.3) | 665 (44.4) | |
| Baseline HbA1c category | |||||
| 5.7%-5.9% | 92 (35.0) | 9 (52.9) | 25 (31.6) | 58 (34.7) | 0.246 |
| 6.0%-6.4% | 171 (65.0) | 8 (47.1) | 54 (68.4) | 109 (65.3) |
- Citation: Zhang JY, Xu YH, Wang ST, Huang Y, Zheng WX, Xiao Y, Yang ZY. Regression to normoglycemia, progression to diabetes, and their association with health outcomes in Chinese adults with untreated prediabetes. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(10): 124090
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i10/124090.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.124090